Some OS (Operating System)

OS (Operating System)

          There are mainly two types of operating system.

(i) DOS (Desktop Operating System)                 (ii) NOS (Network Operating System)

DOS 1. It is a desktop operating system. 2. It is used in small networks. 3. In this OS, there is less security. 4. In this OS, all computers are clients. 5. In this OS, MS-DOS, GUI package Win          3.1, Win 95, Win 98, Win ME comes.

NOS 1. It is a network operating system. 2. It is used for large networks. 3. In this OS, there is more security. 4. In this OS, there are servers and clients. 5. In this OS Win NT, Win 2000, Win      2003, LINUX, UNIX, Novell and i mac      comes.

Progress of NOS

                                    IBM           OS/2

Win NT 3.5                

                                    MS      NT 4.0      NT 5.0 (Win 2000)      Win XP           Win 2003

                                                 (1993)       (98-99)  (17-2-2k)       (25-10-01)         (24-2-03)

Win 2000 Family

Win 2000            Win 3.1 + Win 95 + Win 98 + Win ME + Win NT

 

            Win 2k adv. Server                                                                 Win 2k server

Win NT server àWin 2k adv. Server                    Win NT server à Win 2k server

 

                                                                                    Win 2k Pro (client) (DOS/NOS)

            Win 2k Data Centre Server                             Win 95/98 à Win 2k Pro

                                                                                    Win NT work. à Win 2k Pro

                                                                                    Win 3.5 à Win 95 à Win 2k Pro

Win 2k Pro: - It is used for a client which is used for small applications.

Win 2k server: - It is used for small network with the requirement of server and ideal for the file and print server.

Win 2k advanced server: - It is ideal server for web server (IIS i.e. Internet Information Server). It is idle for SQL.

Win 2k Data Centre Server: - It is most powerful OS. It is idle for stop exchanges, Banks, Online transaction, Scientific & Engineering projects, large scale warehouses etc.

Hot features

Win 2k have many hot features over Win NT 4.0 and Win 95/98

Win 2000	Win NT 4.0	Win 95/98
1. PnP (Plug and Play)	X	√
2. Multiprocessor	√	X
3. Security	√	X
4. Support up to 32 processor	√	X
5. RAID (fault tolerance)	√	X
6. Access to Apple computer	√	X
7. Multi protocol	√	X
8. Huge RAM (64GB)	4GB	X
9. Large Partition (16EB)	√ (16EB)	X (2TB)
10. More H/W support	Less	Moderate
11. Internet Printing Protocol (Printing       through Web Server)	X	X
12. Remote installation service	X	X
13. Web server (IIS 5.0)	X	X
14. Active Directory Service (ADS)	X	X
15. Unlimited SAM (Security Accounts        Manager) size	X (40MB)	X
16. Hot Swappable support	X	X
17. VPN (Virtual Private Network),       ICS (Internet Connection Sharing),       RAS (Remote Access Server)	X	X In Win 98 SE à VPN, ICS

1. Multiprocessor: - This works only in NOS not in DOS. Cost of motherboard of dual processors start from 25000. Processors in dual processor motherboard must be identical. Web server does not support single processor. Mainly we use processors of Xeon category for servers.
2. Apple computer: - Macintosh OS of Apple computer which use processor of Motorola. It uses dedicated hardware.
3. Hot swappable devices: - Which devices can install/uninstall, plug and play without shut down the computer.

Upgrade conditions: -

1. Is the hardware sufficient?
2. Uninstall the anti – virus.
3. Always take a backup.
4. Is the Operating System upgradeable?
5. Un-installation of new OS.
6. Will the hardware (drivers) work properly?
7. Will exiting software work?

Win 2000 Family H/W requirements

	Professional	Server	Advanced server	Data centre
Processor	133 MHz or high Pentium			PIII Xeon processor or higher
Memory	32MB – 64MB	128MB – 4GB recommended 256	128MB – 8GB recommended 256	256MB – 64GB
Hard Disk	2GB
Free space	650MB	1GB
Video	VGA or higher required
CD – ROM	Required
Multiprocessor or support	2	4	8	32

Features of Win 2000 Professional

It is created by 2000 professional programmers of 24 companies and it takes about 2 years to complete. It has many features, which are given below: -

1. Support more than 6500 h/w devices (USB, digital camera, infrared, scanner)

Win NT 4.0 does not support USB ports. Infrared used in Laptop computers to make connection between two laptop computers on a up to 3 – 4 m. Its network speed is 4 – 6 Mbps.

2. Support about 2500 printers.
3. PnP (Add remove hardware wizard)
4. VPN (Virtual Private Network)
5. Offline folders
6. Driver signing

It is the new feature of Win 2000. It contains HCL (Hardware Compatibility List), which have the list of devices, which are recommended by Microsoft for installing Win2000. it store in HCL.TXT file which is about 250 pages long.

7. Power option (Stand by, Hibernate, Low battery alarm, UPS)

A new type of UPS, which have a COM port. It is connect with COM port of CPU, which auto shut down the system and show the remaining power in taskbar. It is manufactured by APC and TVS.

8. WDM (Window Driver Model), drivers written in WDM will work both in Win 98 and Win 2000.
9. Support up to 10 monitors.

This means a picture is shown on multiple monitors. For this we use LCD monitors to split a big picture.

10. IPP (Internet Printing Protocol) à Print to URL over an Internet or the Intranet.
11. Support Smart Card

It is a card having a chip. It is read by a device called Smart Card Reader.

Installation

            There are two types of installation.

(i) Attended or (Manual)        (ii) Unattended or (Automatic)

ATTENDED installation of Win 2k Pro. by bootable CD - ROM : -

1. First of all, we go in CMOS setting and make first boot from CD –ROM and second from HDD.
2. Now insert the bootable CD – ROM of Win 2000 Pro. Computer asks for boot from CD – ROM. We press Enter to boot from CD – ROM in 5 sec.
3. System loading the hardware configuration files from CD – ROM to RAM.
4. Then the license agreement will display and we press F8 to agree the agreement.
5.  In this step, it will come on welcome wizard :-

(i)                 To install window press Enter.

(ii)               To repair window press R.

(iii)             To Quit press F3.

6. Now the partition screen will display, where we can see the partition and the free space on the HDD.

(i)                 To install the window press Enter.

(ii)               To create Partition press C.

(iii)             To delete partition Press D.

When we delete partition, for conformation it ask to press L.

7. We select the partition and press Enter. It asks for format the partition with NTFS or FAT f/s.
8. Now the system formats the partition with selected file system.
9. Firstly it creates the list of files to copy. Then the system files copy from CD – ROM to HDD.
10. Then the system will Restart.
11. Now pull out the CD – ROM from drive and the system will boot from HDD and a welcome wizard will come.
12. Now it installs devices like keyboard and mouse. During this time screen may flicker for a few sec. to detect monitor.
13. Regional setting wizard will display, in which it ask for location and keyboard layout of the computer system and user both.
14. Now it ask for personalize information, in which we write name and organization.
15. Now enter the product key.

RDBC9 – VTRC8 – D7972 – J97JY – PRVMG

16. After product key we enter the computer name and administrator password.
17. Now we set the date & time of system according to location.
18. Window installs networking components during network setting.
19. Now it asks for typical or custom settings of networking.
20. After this it asks for 2000 components.
21. In final task performing it

Install start menu items

            Registers components

            Save settings

            Remove any temporary files used

22. Now click finish to complete the installation.
23. System will restart.

ATTENDED installation of Win 2k Server by bootable CD - ROM: -

1. First of all, we go in CMOS setting and make first boot from CD –ROM and second from HDD.
2. Now insert the bootable CD – ROM of Win 2000 Pro. Computer ask for boot from CD – ROM. We press Enter to boot from CD – ROM in 5 sec.
3. System loading the hardware configuration files from CD – ROM to RAM.
4. Then the license agreement will display and we press F8 to agree the agreement.
5.  In this step, it will come on welcome wizard :-
1. To install window press Enter.
2. To repair window press R.
3. To Quit press F3.
6. Now the partition screen will display, where we can see the partition and the free space on the HDD.
1. To install the window press Enter.
2. To create Partition press C.
3. To delete partition Press D.

When we delete partition, for conformation it ask to press L.

7. We select the partition and press Enter. It asks for format the partition with NTFS or FAT f/s.
8. Now the system formats the partition with selected file system.
9. Firstly it creates the list of files to copy. Then the system files copy from CD – ROM to HDD.
10. Then the system will Restart.
11. Now pull out the CD – ROM from drive and the system will boot from HDD and a welcome wizard will come.
12. Now it installs devices like keyboard and mouse. During this time screen may flicker for a few sec. to detect monitor.
13. Regional setting wizard will display, in which it ask for location and keyboard layout of the computer system and user both.
14. Now it ask for personalize information, in which we write name and organization.
15. Now enter the product key.

RDBC9 – VTRC8 – D7972 – J97JY – PRVMG

16. It asks for licensing modes to attach no. of concurrent connections. We can enter any no. of connections in case of CD – ROM, which is not original.

17. After product key we enter the computer name and administrator password.
18. Now it asks for Win 2000 components, we can add or remove any component, for this we simply click check box.
19. Now we set the date & time of system according to location.
20. Window installs networking components during network setting.
21. Now it asks for typical or custom settings of networking.
22. After this it asks for 2000 components.
23. In final task performing it

Install start menu items

            Registers components

            Save settings

            Remove any temporary files used

24. Now click finish to complete the installation.
25. System will restart.
26. After full installation, Win 2000 configure your server wizard will display.

(a)    This is the only server in my network.

(b)   One or more servers are already running in my network.

(c)    I will configure this server later.

ATTENDED installation of Win 2k by non - bootable CD – ROM: -

1. First start the system by bootable disk and choose with CD – ROM support option.
2. Now enter the Win 2k folder there is a directory i386. Enter in i386 folder, there is a file named Winnt.exe.

NOTE: - setup.exe & winnt32.exe does not run on DOS mode. It can run only in GUI mode.

3. When we press Enter, there is a message

“There is no smart drive active in system.

NOTE: - Without smart drive, installation of win 2k Pro. will take app. 1 hour. But with the help of smart drive Win 2000 Pro is installed in about 30 min. So we must install smart drive before installation.

4. Now we press Enter. System show from where the files copy on system hard disk that folder is G:\Winnt\i386.

In this process the files are stored in 2 temporary directories, which will delete after installation. These directories are

                        C:\$win_nt$^~LS

                        C:\$win_nt$^~BT

5. Now the files copied from CD – ROM to hard disk.
6. Restart the system and remove the CD – ROM.

Then the same steps in bootable CD – ROM installation.

Dual Booting of Professional – Professional

After license agreement, it asks for

(i)                 Repair the current window press R.

(ii)               To install fresh window press Esc.

Chose Esc to install a new window for dual booting and the portioning screen will display and then the same steps.

Dual Boot by WINNT32 in GUI mode

1.      Welcome wizard and we select Upgrade from the options.

2.      The license agreement screen will display.

3.      Product key screen will display.

4.      select special options (Language options, Advanced option, Accessibility options)

In advanced option check mark the following options

(i)                 Copy the setup files from CD-ROM to hard disk

(ii)               Ask for the partition before installation

5.      Format option with NTFS or FAT.

6.      Coping installation files from CD – ROM to HD in two temporary folders.

7.      Restart the system.

8.      After license agreement, it asks for

(a)    Repair the current window press R.

(b)   To install fresh window press Esc.

Chose Esc to install a new window for dual booting and the portioning screen will display and then the same steps.